Air quality alerts are in place in Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Michigan, as well as parts of Nebraska and Missouri, ABC News reports, as smoke from hundreds of wildfires burning in Canada blankets the skies, leaving millions with dangerous breathing conditions.
Wildfires release a mix of harmful substances into the air, including fine particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and other toxic chemicals. When smoke travels far from the source, as with recent Canadian wildfires affecting Chicago, it can still pose significant health risks even if flames are nowhere nearby.
Harmful effects of wildfire smoke
Respiratory problems: Fine particles (PM2.5) can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing irritation, coughing, sore throat, and shortness of breath. People with asthma, COPD, or other lung conditions may experience worsened symptoms.
Cardiovascular effects: Exposure to wildfire smoke is linked to increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other heart-related complications, particularly for people with pre-existing conditions.
Eye and throat irritation: Smoke contains chemicals and ash that can cause stinging, redness, watery eyes, or a scratchy throat even with short-term exposure.
Reduced oxygen quality indoors and outdoors: Elevated carbon monoxide levels in heavy smoke can reduce the amount of oxygen delivered to the body, though this is more common closer to fire zones.
Long-term risks: Repeated or prolonged exposure to fine particulate matter is associated with chronic respiratory illness, decreased lung function, and increased risk of lung cancer.
Safety recommendations in poor-quality air
Monitor air quality: Use resources like AirNow\.gov or local weather reports to check AQI (Air Quality Index) levels. If levels are “Unhealthy” or worse, take precautions.
Stay indoors with clean air: Keep windows and doors closed, run air conditioning if available, and use HEPA air purifiers to filter indoor air.
Avoid outdoor activities: Limit exercise or prolonged time outside, especially for children, older adults, and people with heart or lung conditions.
Wear protective masks: If you must go outside, wear a well-fitted N95 or KN95 mask, which can filter fine smoke particles better than cloth or surgical masks.
Create a clean room: Designate one room in your home with an air purifier and no smoke entry points to act as a safe breathing space.
Seek medical help if needed: If you experience trouble breathing, chest pain, dizziness, or severe coughing, contact a healthcare provider immediately.