If you get less sleep, say because school starts too early in the morning, you're more likely to have anxiety. Are there other causes for teen anxiety?
Punishment that brings physical harm decreases cognitive performance; non-abusive forms of physical punishment reduce school engagement, increase peer isolation.
The effects of dopamine on how good we feel have been well documented, but it seems one particular chemical in beer may act like dopamine on the brain.
By examining the brains of people who suffered child abuse under a microscope (after they died), scientists have detected structural differences in their brains.